UPPCS 2023 Mains Paper 4 Solution(PDF)

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125 Words

1. What do you understand by Moral insight? How does it help in Moral situation of civil servants?

Moral insight is an intuitive understanding of moral values, guiding individuals in ethically challenging situations. It’s an ability to perceive, differentiate, and act upon ethical principles.

Civil servants often find themselves at the crossroads of duty and ethical dilemmas. Here, moral insight helps in:

• • Upholding Integrity: For instance, a bureaucrat might be pressurized to favor a particular business in tenders. With moral insight, they can resist such pressures, ensuring a transparent process.
  • Benefiting Marginalized Communities: When allocating resources, moral insight might guide a civil servant to prioritize a marginalized community over a powerful lobby.
  • Protecting Public Interest: For example, a police officer might encounter a situation where an influential person violates the law. Moral insight will prompt the officer to act in accordance with the law, regardless of the person’s stature.

Real-world scenarios often present grey areas where laws may not provide clear guidance. Here, moral insight becomes essential. For instance, during the COVID-19 crisis, many administrators had to decide on resource allocation, ensuring maximum benefit and fairness.

The government launched the ‘Mission Karmayogi’. This effort is multi-dimensional, covering recruitment, training, performance management, rewards, and so on.

2. Examine the relevance of the following in the context of civil service.
   1. Spirit of service

“Spirit of Service” for a civil servant embodies a deep-rooted commitment to serving the public, prioritizing their needs and welfare above all. It’s not just about performing tasks, but about doing so with empathy, integrity, and dedication.

For instance, when a district collector goes beyond his administrative duties to organize health camps in remote areas, ensuring medical access to those marginalized, he showcases the true essence of ‘Spirit of Service’. Such an approach requires passion and a genuine concern for the well-being of citizens, making the difference between a task-oriented bureaucrat and a service-driven civil servant.

1. Courage of firm conviction.

For a civil servant, the “courage of firm conviction” means standing unwaveringly by one’s beliefs and principles, even in the face of immense pressure or opposition. This courage is vital in upholding justice, equity, and integrity within the bureaucratic system.

For instance, Ashok Khemka, an IAS officer, demonstrated this courage when he cancelled a controversial land deal involving powerful entities. Despite facing multiple transfers and pressures, Khemka’s conviction to uphold the rule of law never wavered. Such resolute determination not only sets exemplary standards for governance but also reinstates public faith in the administrative system.

3. “A child learns values by what he observes around him”. Discuss the role of family and society in the formation of values in the light of this statement.

Values form the bedrock of an individual’s character. A child’s perception of these values is primarily molded by observations of their immediate environment: the family and society.

Role of Family:

• • Immediate Influence: Being the primary caregivers, family members are a child’s first role models. Their behaviors, decisions, and reactions offer initial templates for what is right or wrong.
  • Cultural and Traditional Values: Families pass down traditions and cultural practices, introducing children to community norms and values.

For instance, a child observing their parent offering a seat to an elderly person internalizes respect for elders. Conversely, witnessing frequent disputes at home might influence aggressive behavior.

Role of Society:

• • Extended Environment: After family, society and peer groups act as influential spheres where a child learns social conduct and community values.
  • School and Education: Educational institutions impart values like discipline, teamwork, and respect for diversity.
  • Media Influence: In the digital age, children are exposed to a myriad of values through television, internet, and books. These platforms can both reinforce and challenge familial teachings.

For instance, Participating in community service, like tree plantation drives, inculcates a sense of responsibility towards the environment. Watching a movie emphasizing kindness can reinforce its importance.

4. “In the era of Globalization International ethics is the need of hour for ensuring peace and stability among the nations”. Explain critically.

In today’s globalized world, international ethics – a set of shared values and principles guiding states’ behavior – is pivotal for peace and stability among nations.

• Foundation for Cooperation: A shared ethical framework ensures that nations operate on common ground, promoting cooperation in areas like trade, environment, and security. The Paris Agreement on climate change is an exemplary commitment based on ethical responsibility towards the environment and future generations.
• Preventing Conflicts: Ethical guidelines can prevent conflicts by establishing norms. For instance, the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, emphasizing the shared ethical stance against nuclear warfare.
• Respecting Sovereignty: Ethical behavior mandates respect for every nation’s sovereignty. Violations, as seen in Russia’s annexation of Crimea, challenge these ethics, leading to international tensions and sanctions.
• Human Rights and Humanitarian Issues: International ethics also covers humanitarian principles. Interventions in regions with severe human rights violations, such as the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar, underscore the importance of ethical stances.

However, defining a universal set of ethics is challenging due to cultural and geopolitical differences. Often, nations prioritize strategic interests over ethical considerations, complicating the establishment of a universal ethical framework.

5. “Concealment of Information impedes public access and involvement”. In the light of this statement discuss the importance of information sharing and transparency in Government.

In a democratic setup, information sharing and transparency are critical for fostering public trust. Concealing information diminishes public involvement and hampers accountability.

• Public Trust: Transparent governance enhances public confidence. When citizens are aware of governmental actions, they feel involved and are more likely to support initiatives.
• Accountability and Efficiency: Transparency ensures that government actions are subject to public scrutiny, leading to accountability. Open data can lead to better decision-making and efficient use of resources.
• Citizen Empowerment: Knowledge is power. Providing information equips citizens to make informed choices, participate in civic issues, and voice their concerns effectively.
• Preventing Corruption: Transparency acts as a deterrent to corruption. When processes are open to public view, illicit practices can be identified and rectified.
• Informed Decision Making: A well-informed citizenry can contribute positively to nation-building. Public feedback, often resulting from transparency, can provide innovative solutions to complex problems.

India’s Right to Information Act is a testament to the importance of transparency. By empowering citizens to demand information, it has spotlighted numerous issues and ensured corrective action.

6. Describe various components of attitude and discuss factors that influence attitude formation.

Attitude is a psychological construct comprising feelings, beliefs, and behavioral inclinations towards objects, groups, events, or ideas. It significantly affects one’s reactions and decisions.

Components of Attitude:

1. Cognitive Component: It’s the belief or knowledge about an object or idea. For instance, believing smoking is harmful stems from knowledge about its adverse health effects.
2. Affective Component: This deals with feelings or emotions linked to the attitude object. For example, a person might feel fear when thinking about smoking due to the health risks associated.
3. Behavioral Component: This reflects how the attitude influences behavior. A person knowing the risks of smoking (cognitive) and fearing it (affective) might quit smoking (behavioral).

Factors Influencing Attitude Formation:

1. Personal Experience: Direct experiences can shape attitudes. For example, a bad experience at a restaurant might lead to a negative attitude towards it.
2. Social Learning: Attitudes are often learned from family, friends, and society. Children might adopt their parents’ political or religious views.
3. Media and Propaganda: Information from newspapers, TV, and the internet can shape public attitudes, often even leading to stereotypes.
4. Group Dynamics: Being part of a group can influence individual attitudes, often due to peer pressure or the desire for social cohesion.
5. Cultural and Societal Norms: Cultural upbringing and societal expectations can shape individual attitudes. For instance, certain societies might have more progressive or conservative views on women’s rights.

Attitudes play a pivotal role in guiding behavior and decision-making. Government campaigns, like the “Swachh Bharat Abhiyan”, leverage these components to shape positive public attitudes towards cleanliness.Top of Form

7. Discuss any two important attributes which you consider important for public servant. Justify your answer.

For a public servant, attributes like integrity and empathy stand paramount. These qualities underpin effective governance and enhance public trust.

Integrity: Adherence to moral and ethical principles; soundness of moral character; honesty. Integrity ensures that a public servant remains incorruptible, takes decisions that are in the best interest of the public, and resists any form of undue influence. A 2018 Transparency International report emphasized that nations with higher levels of public sector integrity tend to have a lower level of corruption.

The “Lead India” campaign by the Government of India underscores the need for incorruptible leaders in public administration.

Empathy: The ability to understand and share the feelings of another. Empathy ensures that policies and decisions are people-centric. It enables a public servant to genuinely understand the challenges faced by citizens, especially marginalized groups, leading to more effective and inclusive solutions. As per the World Governance Indicators 2020, citizen-centric governance leads to better satisfaction rates.

The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, launched in 2014, was shaped by understanding the financial inclusivity needs of the underprivileged.

To create a robust and people-centric administration, emphasizing integrity and empathy in our public servants is imperative. Such attributes foster trust and efficient governance.

8. How can liberality and objectivity be fostered among civil servants? Give your suggestion.

For an efficient and transparent administration, it’s imperative that civil servants inculcate the values of liberality and objectivity in their professional conduct.

• Regular Training and Workshops: Continual training focusing on inculcating liberal values and objective decision-making can be pivotal. Workshops that focus on case studies where biased decisions led to larger societal issues can be a learning tool.
• Diverse Work Environment: Encouraging diversity in the civil services ensures a range of perspectives. Different backgrounds can foster a more liberal mindset and promote objective decision-making.
• Performance Evaluations: Introduce performance metrics that reward objectivity and the ability to take unbiased decisions.
• Transparency Mechanisms: Implementing systems like RTI (Right to Information) that hold civil servants accountable can deter subjective decisions.
• Peer Review Mechanisms: Before decisions are finalized, they can be subjected to peer review to ensure objectivity.
• Ethical Oath: Reinforcing an oath highlighting the importance of neutrality, objectivity, and liberality at regular intervals.
• Public Feedback: Taking feedback from the public regarding the conduct and decisions of civil servants can keep them grounded and more aligned with the needs and perceptions of the citizens.

Promoting liberality and objectivity among civil servants ensures trust and efficiency in governance. Regular introspection, training, and public feedback are critical tools in this journey.

9. Explain the role of emotional intelligence for good governance and administration.

Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and regulate emotions. Its application is crucial for effective governance and administration.

• Self-awareness & Regulation: Public servants with high EI can recognize their emotions and regulate them. This ensures unbiased, rational decision-making, even in high-stress situations.
• Empathy: EI promotes understanding the emotions of others. For administrators, empathizing with the public can lead to policies that cater to the real needs of the community. For instance, initiatives like ‘Jan Bhagidari’, which involve community consultations, can benefit from officials having higher EI.
• Improved Communication: Recognizing and navigating emotions can facilitate better communication between departments, resulting in coordinated efforts and efficient service delivery.
• Conflict Resolution: Disagreements are inevitable in governance. Those with high EI can address conflicts constructively, focusing on collaborative solutions rather than confrontations.
• Leadership and Teamwork: EI promotes trust, mutual respect, and effective leadership. It fosters an environment where teams work harmoniously towards common goals, like in the successful implementation of projects such as the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.
• Adapting to Change: Administrators with EI can better manage the stresses of rapid change, ensuring smoother transitions during policy shifts or departmental restructures.

Incorporating EI training in civil services can augment governance quality, making it more responsive, adaptive, and citizen-centric, aligning with the ideals of a welfare state.

10. What is the role of social influence in public administration? Elucidate with examples.

Social influence plays a pivotal role in public administration, affecting decision-making, policy implementation, and shaping administrative practices.

• Public Opinion: Government policies often hinge on public sentiments. For instance, the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan in India was bolstered by strong public demand for cleanliness and sanitation.
• Media’s Role: Media, both traditional and social, influences administrative priorities. Public outrage on media platforms can fast-track certain administrative actions, like rescue operations during calamities.
• Civil Society and NGOs: These entities often raise issues that influence policy-making. Their campaigns for rights, like the Right to Education, have led to landmark legislations.
• Cultural Practices: Public administration must be sensitive to local customs. For example, tribal land rights in India consider indigenous customs and traditions.
• Pressure Groups: Groups lobbying for specific causes can influence policy directions. Farmers’ protests, for example, have shaped agricultural policies in many countries.

Social influence moulds public administration to be more responsive and effective. Recognizing this, the Government of India often seeks public consultations before drafting key legislations.

200 Words

11. What do you understand by Ethical Governance? Elucidate with example.

Ethical governance refers to the practice of governing in a manner that emphasizes moral values, transparency, and accountability to ensure public welfare and trust.

1. Transparency: This is the bedrock of ethical governance. Public decisions should be clear and understandable. For instance, the Right to Information Act in India empowers citizens to seek information about government decisions, promoting transparency.
2. Accountability: Ethical governance demands responsibility for decisions and actions. Public servants should be accountable for their actions and must face consequences in case of misconduct.
3. Equity and Justice: Ethical governance ensures that all citizens, irrespective of their social or economic backgrounds, are treated fairly. The Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC) identifies families facing acute poverty to channelize resources efficiently, ensuring equitable resource distribution.
4. Participation: Inclusive decision-making processes, where all stakeholders have a voice, are a hallmark of ethical governance. Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in India serve as an example, where local self-governance ensures participation of the community in decisions affecting them.
5. Integrity: Governing with sincerity, honesty, and uprightness. For example, the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) oversees the integrity of government operations in India, ensuring that corruption is minimized.
6. Responsiveness: Timely intervention and action, especially in critical areas. Quick responses during natural disasters or crises, like the COVID-19 pandemic, where governments expedited relief packages and health interventions, exemplify this.
7. Foresight: Ethical governance also entails thinking long-term and considering future generations. Policies targeting climate change, like the Paris Agreement, reflect a commitment to ethical governance on a global scale.

Ethical governance is a holistic approach ensuring justice, fairness, and the overall welfare of society. India’s Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, focusing on cleanliness, exemplifies such governance.

12. While formulating public policies a civil servant must safely focus on the public welfare and while implementing those policies he must have a foresight to infer possible unexpected consequences”. Do you agree with this statement ? Give arguments and justifications for your answer.

Public policies aim at societal betterment. Formulating and implementing these policies require a careful balance between immediate objectives and foresight of possible repercussions.

Public Welfare Focus in Formulation:

• • Rationale: The primary aim of any public policy is to benefit the masses, ensuring their well-being and addressing specific societal issues. For instance, the National Health Mission of India aims to provide healthcare facilities in remote areas.
  • Justification: Ensuring public welfare minimizes societal disparities, brings equity, and ensures social justice. Data from the World Bank indicates that welfare-centric policies can significantly reduce poverty rates.

Foresight during Implementation:

• • Rationale: While a policy may seem beneficial on paper, ground realities may lead to unintended consequences. A civil servant’s acumen is tested in predicting and mitigating such outcomes. For example, demonetization in India aimed to curb black money but also led to short-term economic disruptions.
  • Justification: Foresight ensures the smooth execution of policies, minimizing backlashes and maximizing benefits. As per a report by the Asian Development Bank, countries that consider long-term implications during policy implementation tend to have sustainable growth.

Challenges & Need for Balance:

• • While focusing on public welfare, avoiding populism is vital. Also, a purely foresight-based approach might deter risk-taking. Hence, a civil servant must balance immediate benefits with long-term sustainability.

Civil servants should ensure policies prioritize public welfare and also anticipate unintended consequences to ensure that policies are both impactful today and sustainable for the future.

13. Can Bhagavad-Gita be an ethical guide for civil servants? Comment.

The Bhagavad-Gita, an ancient Indian text, delves deep into ethical dilemmas and moral values, making it a potential ethical guide for civil servants.

• Dharma (Duty): The Bhagavad-Gita emphasizes the significance of duty without attachment to the results. This aligns with the idea of civil servants working impartially, putting public welfare above personal gains.
• Selflessness: Lord Krishna advises Arjuna to act without expecting rewards. This principle can guide civil servants to serve without any vested interests, focusing on public good.
• Equanimity: The Bhagavad-Gita teaches maintaining composure in success and failure. For civil servants, this means handling challenges, criticisms, and accolades with a balanced mind.
• Ethical Decision-making: Arjuna’s moral dilemma on the battlefield mirrors the challenges faced by civil servants. The Gita’s counsel can help them in making decisions that are morally and ethically sound.
• Discipline and Commitment: Upholding discipline in thoughts, words, and actions is a key teaching of the Bhagavad-Gita, resonating with the commitment and discipline expected of civil servants.
• Continuous Learning: The scripture underscores the importance of acquiring knowledge. This can inspire civil servants to be lifelong learners, updating their skills for efficient governance.

However, while the Bhagavad-Gita offers profound insights, its interpretation is diverse. It’s crucial for civil servants to balance these teachings with the constitutional and legal framework. Applying religious texts in governance requires discernment to ensure secular principles aren’t compromised.

14. What is meant by Human Action in Ethics? Discuss the determinants and consequences of ethics in Human Action.

  Human action in ethics pertains to the moral aspects governing human behavior. It is a study of how actions align with ethical principles and societal values.

1. Determinants of Ethics in Human Action:
   • Personal Values: Each individual possesses a unique set of values shaped by culture, upbringing, and personal experiences. These values often determine the ethical nature of actions.
   • Social Norms: Societal expectations and norms play a pivotal role. Actions in congruence with these norms are often deemed ethical.
   • Legal Frameworks: Laws and regulations set the parameters for permissible actions. Though legality doesn’t always equate to ethicality, it often guides ethical behavior.
   • Religious Beliefs: For many, religious doctrines and teachings act as a guidepost for determining the ethicality of actions.
   • Conscience: The inner moral compass, or conscience, can push an individual to act ethically, even in the absence of external pressures.
2. Consequences of Ethics in Human Action:
   • Social Cohesion: Ethical actions foster trust and understanding, strengthening societal bonds.
   • Reputation: Individuals and entities known for ethical behavior enjoy enhanced reputations, building trust and credibility.
   • Legal Consequences: Unethical actions, especially those violating laws, can lead to legal penalties.
   • Internal Harmony: Ethical actions often lead to inner peace and satisfaction, knowing one has done the “right” thing.
   • Economic Implications: Businesses adhering to ethical standards can enjoy customer loyalty, while unethical practices can lead to boycotts or sanctions.

The interplay of determinants and consequences shapes the ethical landscape of human actions. Adherence to ethical behavior ensures societal harmony and individual fulfillment. It’s essential for a cohesive, progressive society.

15. Rajeev is an idealist. He believes that, “Service to humanity is service to God”. One day he was going for an interview for government Job. He saw a severely injured person lying on the road who was asking for help. No one came forward to help. Rajeev took the injured person to the hospital and saved his life. But due to this reason, he lost the opportunity to get a government Job. Comment on Rajeev’s decision in the light of above circumstance.

Rajeev’s action epitomizes the values of compassion and humanity. In a world often driven by personal ambitions, his decision reflects a selfless commitment to the welfare of others.

• Moral Integrity: Rajeev prioritized a human life over personal ambition, showcasing his unwavering moral compass. This action signifies that for him, principles and human values stand above professional pursuits.
• Immediate Impact: His intervention saved a life, an act that bears immediate and immense value. Without his timely assistance, the injured individual might not have survived.
• Long-term Perspective: While Rajeev missed the interview and the immediate opportunity for a government job, his act might open other doors. Such acts of kindness and integrity are often recognized and rewarded in diverse ways.
• Public Perception: In a society often apathetic to the suffering of others, Rajeev’s act serves as an inspiration. His decision might motivate others to act similarly in the future.
• Reflection of Value System: A government job is a platform for public service. Rajeev, through his action, demonstrated he already embodies the values expected of a public servant. While he lost a job opportunity, he gained respect and admiration from those who value human life and service.
• Service beyond Job: Service to society isn’t confined to job roles. Rajeev’s act is a testament that true service arises from spontaneous acts of kindness and not just official duties.

Rajeev’s decision underscores the essence of true public service. His commitment to humanitarian values, even at personal cost, exemplifies the adage, “Service to humanity is service to God.”

16. What are the major principles of public life? Discuss with suitable examples.

The principles of public life form the ethical foundation guiding individuals in public office. They ensure transparency, accountability, and propriety in official functions.

1. Integrity: Public officials should act consistently and with honesty, avoiding any personal gain from their decisions.
   • Example: A minister refusing gifts to avoid potential conflicts of interest.
2. Objectivity: Decisions in public office should be based on thorough analysis and unbiased judgment.
   • Example: Hiring for government positions based solely on merit and not favoritism.
3. Selflessness: Decisions should be taken in the public’s interest rather than for personal gains.
   • Example: A bureaucrat choosing an infrastructure project beneficial for the community rather than one that might increase their personal property’s value.
4. Accountability: Public servants are accountable to the public for their actions and decisions.
   • Example: A public health official accepting responsibility for mishandling a health crisis.
5. Openness: Actions should be transparent, ensuring the public’s trust.
   • Example: The government publishing data on public spending.
6. Honesty: Officials must declare any private interests relating to their public duties and take actions to resolve any conflicts.
   • Example: A legislator revealing their stocks in a company that might be affected by upcoming legislation.
7. Leadership: Leaders should promote and support these principles through example and actively challenge poor behavior.
   • Example: A senior officer taking action against corrupt practices within their department.

These principles, outlined by committees such as the Nolan Committee in the UK, serve as benchmarks for behavior in public office, ensuring that public servants act in the best interests of the people they serve.

17. Now a days social media is used to influence public opinion either in positive or in negative way. Being a civil servant, how will you solve this issue?

Social media has become a powerful tool in shaping public opinion, but its misuse can distort realities. Ensuring unbiased information flow is pivotal for a civil servant.

• Awareness Campaigns: Launching campaigns to educate the public about the importance of fact-checking. For instance, the ‘WebQoof‘ initiative by The Quint helps debunk fake news.
• Collaboration with Social Media Platforms: Collaborate with platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp to identify and curb the spread of misleading information. The partnership between the Indian government and WhatsApp in 2019 to counter fake news is a case in point.
• Establishing Quick Response Teams (QRTs): Teams that monitor and counter false narratives in real-time. They can use analytics to track misinformation trends and counteract them swiftly.
• Encouraging Citizen Vigilance: Platforms where citizens can report suspicious content can be promoted. The more eyes on the lookout, the faster false narratives can be debunked.
• Transparency and Open Communication: By regularly updating the public with authentic information, trust is built. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, timely updates from health departments played a pivotal role in countering myths.
• Leveraging Influencers: Partnering with social media influencers who can help in disseminating the correct information to the masses, given their wide reach and influence.
• Training Programs: Training government officials on the importance of social media and its power in shaping narratives. They can then act as brand ambassadors for truthful information.

Harnessing the potential of social media while countering its misuse is crucial. Collaborative efforts between the government, platforms, and citizens can ensure a balanced digital information ecosystem.

18. “Integrity without knowledge is weak and useless, but knowledge without integrity is dangerous and terrible”. What do you understand by this statement? Discuss.

The adage underscores the symbiotic relationship between integrity and knowledge. Both, when devoid of the other, lead to outcomes that are either ineffective or harmful.

Integrity without Knowledge:

• • Meaning: Having moral principles but lacking the expertise to apply them effectively.
  • Example: A person may have a genuine intention to help in disaster relief but without the requisite knowledge of emergency management, their efforts might be in vain or even exacerbate the situation.
  • Implication: The actions, though well-intentioned, might lack impact, rendering the moral standpoints ineffectual.

Knowledge without Integrity:

• • Meaning: Possessing the expertise but employing it without ethical considerations.
  • Example: The Cambridge Analytica scandal is an apt illustration where knowledge of data analytics was misused for political manipulation, overriding ethical considerations of privacy and consent.
  • Implication: The actions, backed by knowledge but devoid of moral compass, can lead to manipulations, deceptions, and wide-scale harm.

The two must co-exist. Integrity ensures that knowledge is directed towards just and ethical ends, while knowledge ensures that these just intentions manifest effectively in the real world.

In an era dominated by information and technology, possessing knowledge has become pivotal. But, unchecked and without ethical oversight, this can lead to issues like misinformation spread, cyber threats, and even weaponization of knowledge against vulnerable communities.

19. “Non-performance of duty by a public servant is a type of corruption”. Do you agree with this statement? Explain logically.

Corruption is commonly associated with bribery or embezzlement. However, “non-performance of duty by a public servant” can also be categorized as a subtle form of corruption.

1. Breach of Public Trust: When public servants fail to perform their assigned duties, they breach the trust bestowed upon them by the public. For instance, if a police officer fails to register a complaint due to negligence or apathy, it’s a denial of justice.
2. Economic Ramifications: Non-performance can lead to economic losses. A customs officer not inspecting goods properly might lead to illegal imports, causing economic and sometimes security threats.
3. Moral Decay: Non-performance demotivates honest officers and sets a bad precedent. If one municipal officer neglects his duty in maintaining sanitation, it can lead to widespread health issues.
4. Delayed Justice: A classic example is the judicial system. While several factors contribute to judicial delay, non-performance or delay by court clerks, public prosecutors, and others aggravate the problem, making justice elusive.
5. Thwarted Development: Developmental projects, if not overseen properly by public servants, can stall, affecting societal progress. For instance, if public health officials don’t monitor vaccination drives effectively, it can lead to public health crises.
6. Indirect Encouragement: Non-performance indirectly encourages corrupt practices. If a town planner doesn’t inspect construction sites regularly, it may lead to unauthorized constructions.
7. Data & Facts: As per Transparency International, administrative corruption, which includes non-performance, is a significant concern in many countries, hampering effective governance and development.

Non-performance is indeed a silent form of corruption. Effective monitoring, strict accountability, and initiatives like the Central Vigilance Commission in India are essential to combat this menace.

20. Describe the strategies that civil servants can employ to overcome resistance to change and effectively persuade stakeholders to support new policies and initiatives.

Civil servants often face resistance when introducing new policies. Employing strategic approaches can ensure smoother implementation and stakeholder acceptance.

1. Stakeholder Engagement: Before policy rollout, engage with stakeholders. Understand their concerns, take feedback, and tailor the policy to address major concerns. Example: For land acquisition, engaging with farmers helps understand their demands, ensuring better compensation structures.
2. Transparent Communication: Clearly communicate the policy’s objectives, benefits, and potential challenges. Ensuring transparency builds trust and reduces misconceptions. Example: The Goods and Services Tax (GST) rollout in India was accompanied by extensive information campaigns explaining its benefits.
3. Capacity Building: Train staff and stakeholders, enhancing their skills and understanding to adapt to the new changes. Example: Digital India initiatives provided training sessions for government officials on digital platforms.
4. Pilot Projects: Test the policy in specific areas. The feedback can guide refinements, making the larger rollout smoother. Example: Delhi’s odd-even vehicular movement policy was initially implemented as a short-term measure to gauge its feasibility.
5. Collaboration with Influencers: Partner with local influencers or community leaders who can persuade the masses about the policy’s benefits. Example: Celebrities promoting Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Campaign) increased its appeal and public participation.
6. Feedback Mechanisms: Establish platforms where stakeholders can voice concerns and provide feedback, ensuring continuous improvement. Example: MyGov platform in India allows citizens to give policy feedback directly.
7. Addressing the Root Causes: If resistance is due to misinformation or mistrust, address the root causes rather than just the symptoms. Example: If resistance to a vaccination drive is due to misconceptions, awareness campaigns targeting those specific myths can be more effective.

For effective policy implementation, a proactive, inclusive, and feedback-driven approach is crucial. Civil servants should emphasize collaboration and transparency for overcoming resistance to change.

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Hemant Bhatt

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Hemant Bhatt is a B. Tech from Pantnagar University and has studied Social Sciences at SciencesPo, Paris. He teaches at Oracle IAS, Dehradun. He has given 5 UPSC mains back to back along with 2 interviews.
He is a bibliophile,accomplished writer and a fitness enthusiast.

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