Oracle IAS, the best coaching institute for UPSC/IAS/PCS preparation in Dehradun brings to you UKPCS Science Chemistry (paper 6). 

Cement is a binder, a substance used in construction that sets, hardens and adheres to other materials, binding them together. Cement is seldom used solely, but is used to bind sand and gravel (aggregate) together. Cement is used with fine aggregate to produce mortar for masonry, or with sand and gravel aggregates to produce concrete.

Cements used in construction are usually inorganic, often lime or calcium silicate based, and can be characterized as being either hydraulic or non-hydraulic, depending upon the ability of the cement to set in the presence of water (see hydraulic and non-hydraulic lime plaster).

Non-hydraulic cement will not set in wet conditions or underwater; rather, it sets as it dries and reacts with carbon dioxide in the air. It is resistant to attack by chemicals after setting.

Hydraulic cements (e.g., Portland cement) set and become adhesive due to a chemical reaction between the dry ingredients and water.

Portland cement is by far the most common type of cement in general use around the world. This cement is made by heating limestone (calcium carbonate) with other materials (such as clay) to 1450 °C in a kiln, in a process known as calcination, whereby a molecule of carbon dioxide is liberated from the calcium carbonate to form calcium oxide, or quicklime, which then chemically combines with the other materials that have been included in the mix to form calcium silicates. The resulting hard substance, called ‘clinker’, is then ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make ‘ordinary Portland cement’

ENVIORNMENTAL IMPACT:

Cement manufacture causes environmental impacts at all stages of the process. These include emissions of airborne pollution in the form of dust, gases, noise and vibration when operating machinery and during blasting in quarries, and damage to countryside from quarrying. Apart from it the cement production leads to release of huge amount of carbon dioxide and heavy metal in the air.

Printed notes topic wise – Contact us

Cost- Rs.5000/- (including shipping)

(~2500+ pages)

UKPCS Mains Study Material subject wise

The notes are strictly as per UKPCS syllabus (topic wise):

• UKPCS Polity sample notes click here

Individual Polity Cost: Rs. 1500/- (including shipping)

• UKPCS Science sample notes click here

Individual S&T Cost: Rs. 1500/- (including shipping)

• UKPCS Geography sample notes click here

Individual Geography Cost: Rs. 1500/- (including shipping)

• UKPCS Economics Sample notes click here

Individual Economics Cost: Rs. 1000/- (including shipping)

• UKPCS Ethics Sample Notes click here

Individual Ethics Cost: Rs. 1000/- (including shipping)

• UKPCS History Sample Notes click here

Individual History Cost: Rs. 1500/- (including shipping)

Contact us for:-

• • • • • • • Upper Mains UKPCS Classroom program
            • UKPCS Upper Test Series
            • UKPCS Lower Test Series 
            • UKPCS Lower Classes
            • UKPCS Past year papers
            • Phone Number:–9997453844
            • Telegram channel : click here

• Author
• Recent Posts

Hemant Bhatt

Chief Mentor at Oracle IAS

Hemant Bhatt is a B. Tech from Pantnagar University and has studied Social Sciences at SciencesPo, Paris. He teaches at Oracle IAS, Dehradun. He has given 5 UPSC mains back to back along with 2 interviews.
He is a bibliophile,accomplished writer and a fitness enthusiast.

Latest posts by Hemant Bhatt (see all)

• Prepare for Lower PCS Uttarakhand Exam 2025 with Oracle IAS - September 23, 2024
• Uttarakhand Lower PCS 2024 || Oracle IAS - September 19, 2024
• UKPCS 2021-22 Topper Mock Test Copies 2021-22 || Oracle IAS - September 18, 2024